Across Nigeria, rising egg prices are exposing deeper structural challenges within the poultry sector, affecting both producers and consumers. Eggs, once considered one of the most affordable and accessible protein sources, are becoming increasingly expensive, signalling broader disruptions across the value chain.
In many parts of the country, a crate of eggs now sells for as much as ₦8,500 at retail level, with prices varying by location and distribution costs. Even farm-gate prices have climbed significantly, forcing producers to increase selling prices in response to higher input costs and declining output. For households, this has meant reduced consumption or a shift to alternative protein sources, which are often less affordable.
A major factor behind this trend is the shortage of day-old chicks, which are essential for maintaining and expanding poultry production. Hatcheries are struggling to meet demand, with farmers often placing orders months in advance. This has created a production gap, as older laying birds are phased out without sufficient replacements. Given the time required for chicks to mature into productive layers, the impact of these shortages is both immediate and prolonged.
The rising cost of chicks has further compounded the problem. Many small and medium-scale farmers are finding it increasingly difficult to restock, leading some to scale down operations or exit production temporarily. As the number of active poultry farms declines, egg supply tightens, pushing prices even higher.
Policy and regulatory constraints have also played a role. Restrictions on the importation of breeding stock have limited hatchery capacity, reducing the availability of quality chicks. Industry stakeholders have called for more supportive policies to enable expansion and stabilise supply.
At the same time, increasing fuel and transportation costs are placing additional pressure on the sector. Poultry production depends heavily on logistics, from feed delivery to market distribution. As these costs rise, they are passed along the value chain, contributing to higher consumer prices.
The implications extend beyond the poultry industry. Eggs are a critical component of daily nutrition, particularly for low- and middle-income households. Continued price increases could reduce access to this essential food source, raising concerns about nutrition and food security.
Addressing the situation will require coordinated action, including investment in hatchery infrastructure, improved access to affordable inputs, and policy adjustments to support local production. Without timely intervention, the pressures facing Nigeria’s poultry sector may intensify, with lasting consequences for both producers and consumers.
