In broiler production, one often-overlooked factor can make or break flock health and farm profitability: litter management. More than just bedding, litter acts as a frontline defense—absorbing moisture, minimizing contact with feces, and keeping ammonia levels in check. When properly managed, it creates a healthier environment for birds, improves performance, and reduces condemnation rates at the abattoir.
Why Dry, Loose Litter Matters
Litter that is dry and friable plays a vital role in reducing the spread of harmful pathogens and the buildup of ammonia. Excessive moisture leads to respiratory issues, skin problems like foot pad dermatitis, and higher risks of disease outbreaks. On the other hand, overly dry litter can create dust that affects both bird and human respiratory health.
The sweet spot? A moisture content of around 20%—not too wet, not too dry.
Choosing the Right Bedding Material
Effective litter management starts with selecting the right bedding. Common materials include wood shavings, sunflower hulls, and other agricultural by-products. When choosing bedding, prioritize:
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Availability and cost-effectiveness
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Absorbency and drying capacity
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Particle size – smaller particles typically absorb better
A standard bedding depth of 5–10 cm is generally sufficient, though you may need more if the material has poor absorbency.
Managing Moisture: The Biggest Challenge
Broilers themselves are the main source of moisture in the house. Birds drink roughly twice as much as they eat, but retain only 20% of the water they consume. The rest ends up in the litter—either as droppings or through respiration.
Since litter can’t absorb all of this moisture, active management becomes essential.
Ventilation: The Key to Dry Litter
Proper and uniform ventilation is crucial. It not only removes excess moisture but also clears out carbon dioxide and ammonia, ensuring good air quality.
What to keep in mind:
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Ensure all ventilation systems are functioning correctly—inspect fans, belts, blades, and louvers regularly.
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Avoid cold spots, which lead to localized moisture build-up.
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Promote even airflow throughout the house to prevent uneven bird distribution and stress.
Drinker Management: Reducing Spills
Water systems can make or break your litter management strategy.
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With nipple drinkers, monitor water pressure and alignment daily.
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For bell drinkers, ensure they are at the correct height to avoid spillage—too low and they get knocked; too high and birds jump on them.
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Leaks and faulty nipples should be addressed immediately. Wet litter areas must be removed and replaced with fresh bedding to prevent bacteria buildup.
The Bottom Line
Good litter management isn’t just about keeping things clean—it’s a core component of profitable, high-welfare poultry farming.
Key takeaways:
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Use appropriate, absorbent bedding material.
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Maintain ideal litter moisture around 20%.
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Ensure proper, uniform ventilation across the entire house.
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Manage drinker systems to prevent spills and promptly replace wet litter.
Healthy birds grow better, perform better, and lead to fewer losses at slaughter—meaning better returns for your operation.
