Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a highly infectious viral disease affecting cattle across Africa, causing severe economic losses. Mortality rates can reach up to 40%, with common impacts including reduced milk production, slowed growth, and damaged hides.
Vaccination: The Best Defense
While there is no antiviral treatment, vaccination with an attenuated LSD virus remains the most effective preventive measure. The Neethling and Kenya sheep and goat pox virus vaccines have shown success in controlling outbreaks. Experts recommend vaccinating calves over six months old first, followed by annual booster shots for the herd.
Control Measures
- Early Detection & Quarantine: Infected animals should be isolated to prevent spread.
- Biosecurity & Hygiene: Disinfection, wound care, and fly control help minimize secondary infections.
- Ring Vaccination: Establishing a 25–50 km vaccination buffer around outbreak areas can contain infections.
- Culling & Movement Restrictions: In newly affected regions, culling infected cattle and restricting movement can help eliminate the disease.
History & Spread
LSD was first identified in Zambia in 1929 and has since spread across Africa, the Middle East, and parts of Asia. It affects all cattle breeds, with symptoms including fever, skin nodules, nasal discharge, and loss of appetite. Severe cases can lead to pneumonia, infertility, and even death.
Economic Impact
LSD leads to decreased productivity, financial losses for farmers, and restrictions on cattle trade. Without effective control measures, its continued spread threatens food security and the livelihoods of pastoral communities across Africa.
